Class 12 summary & Answer question sheet 2078

 Class 12 summary & Answer question sheet 2078

Summary :-Ans:- The poem 'Grandmother' has been composed by an American -Indian poet, Ray young Bear. He has drawn a picture of his grandmother to show lost culture of American-tribe.The poet could easily recognize his grandmother by her remarkable shape. She used to put on purple scarf around her head and carry a plastic shopping bag in her hand. If any one put hands over his head , he would recognized that the warm and damp hands with the smell of root most belong to his grandmother. They were farmer and work in field, During leisure time they played with their children. In his sad or tired mood he would heard voice coming from grave which evoke emotion and inspiration into him as sleeping fire give light and heat after you stair it at night.

 

Summary:-Ans:- The story ''About Love '' has been written by famous Russian short-story writer Anton Chekov; He has presented three different lover story beautifully here. He says love is great mystery and it is not pound by martial relationship.Alyohin, Anna, Luganovich, University girl, Nikanor, pelageya, Burkin and Ivan are the character here. The narrator, Alyohin and his two guest Burkin and Ivan were having breakfast at the same time Nikanor, the cook came to ask what they would like to have in dinner. Looking at him, Alyohin started talking violent love affair between Nikanor and pelageya. Nikanor was ugly but pelageya was beautiful, Nikanor was highly religious and he wanted to live together after marry but pelayega was not ready to marry with him because Nikanor used to drink and hit her. They were inwardly and outwardly different but even they were in love.Showing his interested, he started telling his own love story. He was in love with a university girl while he was reading graduation. He spent lots of money on her for romance. It was temporary and first love experience of Alyohin.After his graduation, he lived at his village sofyino. He had to work in field to pay off the debts which his father has taken for education. Time to time, he attempt court session. He was elected as honorary justice for the peace. He was congratulated many gentle man, suddenly, He was invited for dinner by Mr.Luganovich. There he met Luganovich's wife(Anna) and they both fall in love with each other at first sight.

Alyohin was crazy about her charming beauty, simple dress, polite voice, lovely walk and he was worried how Anna lived with simple minded and unromantic Mr.Luganovich. Anna was attracted at his intelligent. They both enjoy talking and going to cinema together but Luganovich never doubt on their relationship.

 

Summary:-Ans:- The essay ''Hurried Trip to Avoid a Bad Star'' has been written by M. Lilla and C. Bishop Barry two american geographer. It deals about on exploitation of karnali region to Tarai which they made on their foot for 15 months.The authors were coming to Tarai and They met fourteen(14) Nepali potters carrying hashish, medicinal herbs, hand-Knit sweaters and blanket to trade them in Nepalgunj. On the way they met a Chetri women of 30. She said that her husband had gone to Terai 15 years ago in search of job. If they made him to send him here. She shows pitiful condition of women in karnali. She also says that there is no good opportunities of job. That people come to Tarai or go to India in search to job.In a forest at nearly good feet they met 8 or 9 people processing silajit on fire. They asked why they did not prepare it at their home. They replied that they have to avoid a bad story. It shows karnali people are highly superstitious. Silajit is a tar like substance that comes from the rock of sinja. It is used for pharmaceutic used in India and other country. It is taken with boiled milk to clean the stomach and make people strong and healthy.At another place, they saw leaf less tree and they were surprised. They saw some women cutting down green branches of Sal trees. When the author asked them, they says animals must eat that . It show the people were uneducated and they didn't thing about nature conservation. The skeletal looking Sal trees indicated the exploitation of nature.

Summary:-Ans:- The poem ''Full Fathom Five Thy Father Lies'' has been composed by world famous English dramatist, William Shakespeare. It is taken from his second last play. 'The Tempest, Act I, Scene II'. Ferdinand, prince of Naples and the spirit Ariel, a comic character are the major character.Ferdinand thinks that his father drowned in to the sea, he is very sad and up set. The spirit Ariel appears their and he sings this song to give sympathy. He talks about the death in comic way.We says Ferdinand father bones having change into pearls. Every parts of his body has been change into something valuable and strange. No part of his body decayed. They have gone through sea change. Even the sea humph welcome him by ringing death bell every hour.The spirit Ariel give death a meaning. He says death is not the destruction of human being. It is conversion of one form into another form. Death open the door of immortality. The spirit of a person never die. A person is free from worldly pain, trouble, greed and other things.Thus, the spirit ariel has given a funny description of tragic event like death. He song reflex the immortality after death.

Summary :-Ans: The poem " Travelling Through The Dark " has been written by William Stafford. He has presented a great tension between two realities of life in this poem. On the one hand, there are efficiency and responsibility. On the other hand, emotion warmer than efficiency and deeper than good judgment when you make a rational decision. There are three activities: physical activities, Mental activities and Rational decision.One night, The narrator was driving car along with mountainous road on the edge of the Wilson river. In front of his car, he saw a deer. He got off the car and came near it. He found it was a recently killed doe which was already stiffened and cold. He found the belly side larger and realized she was pregnant. In this way, The narrator physical activities stopped.A fawn was waiting inside on belly to be born. As the mother was died, the fawn would difficulty die. He wanted to save the baby but there was silence and wilderness except the parking light and low sound of engine. He was emotional about its life. He was in dilemma what to do. In this way his mental activity stopped.The narrator thought good for everyone and He pushed the dead doe into the river and solved the problem. He didn't want anyother to face sudden stop and didn't want any environmental pollution on the road. In this way, he made a rational decision.Thus, This poem gives an ironic comment on the so- called nature lover who are responsible for accident death but they don't miss to express their physical activity, mental activity and surely they make any rational decision in favour of human being.

Summary:-Ans:- The story ''A story'' has been written by a famous short story writer, Dylan Thomas. He has presented the adults world from a child poit of view. It is about a day outing to porthcawl by certain begging or end and very little things in the mid.The naratter is a who lived with his uncle and aunty. His uncle was fat, big, lazy, red haired, and noisy where as his aunt was small, thin, and calm. There is no good matching between them as a result the narrater called his aunty uncle's wife not aunty. Every week they fought and aunty used to hit him with china dog by claimbing on a chair.One evening the narrater's uncle and his friends arrived at his shop for annual outing. Benjamin Franklin, will sentry, Old O jones, Mr. weazley, Noan Bowen were there. Benjamin collected money hired a bus and bought two case of drink. His aunty didn't like the idea and she threanted if Her husband went there she would go her mother's home.Benjamin was irritated by regular follow up of will sentry. Will sentry doubted if Benjamin would misuse the fund. On Saturday morning his friends arrived his shop. His aunty has gone to her mother's home so his uncle included the narrater in the bus. At first, They made fun of him but later they look him to take care of their things.They found Old o jones missing and they picked him up from his house to make fun. Mr. weazly told that he has forgotten his teeth. They said there was no need of theeth. The way they started drinking and the boy was surprised to see their wild behaviour. They saw a roof thased mountain sheep pub. The owner was thin, lanky with pouncing eyes. He welcome them. They spent 45 minutes by drinking, fighting, and soughting at each other.

 

Summary:-Ans:- The story ''The Last Voyage Of The Ghost Ship'' has been written by Gobries Garica Marguez. The writer has presented the development of an ordinary child into an assertive masculine young man.The narrater, The boy was the son of widdow. His father had died nearly 11 years ago. He slept all the day and rambled around sea shore all the night. One March night he saw a large strange ship. It didn't have any light or sound. It was invisible at light and visible in the dark. It was moving towards the village randomly and sank into the sea without any explosion. The boy thought that it was his dream. He didn't tell anyone about it.Again, He was looking for something every night. One night, He saw the same large strange ship. It was again the month of march. This time he was sure that it was not a dream. He told about it to his mother but she did not believe him because of his strange behaviour. She thought her son maid. She asked a boat man to see the ghost ship next night. She went to town to buy a new moving chair as the old chair was damaged on which she missed her died husband. Boat man couldn't see the ghost ship and it didn't appear. She bought the chair and she was excited remembering her died husband as the result she died of over excitement. Other women from the village also died who sat on that chair. The villagers threw into the sea. They blemd his mother brining evil chair to the village. The villagers scolded his mother and hited the boy. One night, he saw a big whale and shouted to the villagers but the villager couldn't see it. They bit very badly for his strange behaviour and left giving him charity.He wanted to proved that he was right all along. He left the village, stole a boat and servived on selling fish. He strungled and sloved his problem himself. He became assertive, adventurous and dedicated to prove himself right. His voice became louder. He searched the large ship every night as a result one night of march, he saw the same ship. It was storeny and rainy night. By the help of stick and lamlbern, he captured the ship and send it to the village. It was really bigger and taller.

Summary:-Ans:- The poem ''God's Grandeur'' has been composed by a famous religious English poet G.M. Hopkins. He praises the greatness and glory of all maighty god in this poem. He convience us to believe god and speaks against mans commercial activities.The poet believes in the existence of god. He says there are proves of god. On the one hand, It shows with the gold foil. It glatters more when it is shaken or beaten. On the other hand, the solid olive flower turns into olive oil when it is pressed. It can fill a jar. God is invisible. We can't look him from our physical eyes. God is omni present, omni potent, omni scient. He is the director who operates the whole universe in his own way.eople haven't been following God commands for ages. They have been busy in profit earning commercial activities. God created the beautiful world worth- living for every ceature but human beings destroyed them for profit. God is so kind that he for gives us and renews it fresh for us insted of giving us punishment. As the spring season renews the things around us every year in the same way. God renews the whole things for us. He is the owner of the world. So, his glory shouldn't be forgotten.Thus, The poet says ''The Holy Ghost'' protect human beings as a dove looks after its young babies under its wings.

Summary:-Ans:- ' I have a Dream'' is an unforgettable speech given by An American black leader Martin Luther king to big mass of nearly 2 lakh people in front of the status of Abraham Lincoln on August 28,1963 in Washington D.C . His speech is to avoid racial injustice, color discrimination and provide freedom and equality to the Negros as promised in the American constitution.The black people have been exploited and backward for ages. After a long run struggles of Abrahm Lincoln the sixteenth president signed and agreement, Emancipation proclamation in 1862 that all the black slaves are free from date. 100 years passed but even there was no change in the practical life. The black people are still dominated and hated. The black people are still poor, slaves and backward.The king says the promised made by the constitution of American it just like bad cheque which can't be in cashed. The black people weren't granted their rights. They couldn't enjoy freedom and there was no justice to them. He says now it is the time to arise from darkness, Now it is the time to lift the nation to super power. America can't be super power until and unless the black people are satisfied. They will only be satisfied when they will be provided citizenship, equal right, right to contest in election. He says, American won't operate normally until there are me.They don't want to fight with the white people as they have been supported by some white people. He request the police to stop bitting the freedom fighters. He also request his follower to remain non-violent, well discipline. They don't want to achieve their goal being violent.At least he concludes having a dream that one day the black and white people to live together like brother and sister. They will be treated according to their character, not according to their color. He has a dream that the voice of village will be equally listened in parliament. He wants to hear 'free at least. We are free thank god'.

Summary:-Ans:- The easy ''women's Business'' has been written by Ilene Kantrov, a very successful female writer. She has pictured some women from USA who have been successful business women. At first Lydia Pinkham became successful and later on Helena Rubinstein, Elizabeth Arden, Margaret Rudkin, jennie-Grossinger, Gertrude muller and Annie Turbo Malone were successful too.Lydia Pinkham started her business by selling house made things for cure of women's diseases. She clamed that her medicine would cure falling of womb, infertility, hysteria, female sickness, Nervousness and other complients. she had department of advice where she suggested on women's rights, temperance, fiscal, diet, exercise and recommended her own medicine. She gave advertisement in magazine showing her beautiful shining face. She made a special place in the history of America.After Pinkham, Helen and Elizabeth started business of make up things. They ran beautiful and received publicity by getting married to European person. Helen published a book writing about the benefit of eating raw food. Margaret sold healthy food by curing her sick son. She was famous for chemical free food. Jennie ran a resort hotel and she hired public relation officer where they served nearly 150000 guest a year. She was famous for food and entertainment. Gertrude sold child care product including some penephaclat child raising. Any developed special way of hair dressing and dying. She opened training center and appointed sales agents.All of the women followed business strategies to attract the attention of women customers. They sold their product, give suggestion on behalf of women and they help their race. Lydia Pinkham advertise herself ''savior her sex'' but she was found selling alcohol. Later US agencies such as FOA and FTC found some of their product illegal and less qualitative. Helen had to court and had to withdraw some of the claim out of product.Thus, This writing encourages the women to do business. It can make them rich, independent and capable to run their successfully.

Summary:-Ans:- The essay ''The children Who Wait'' has been written by Marsha Traugot, A lecturer at North eastern university. She has worked a lot in the field of children and women in many ways. In this essay, she talks about orphan children and change in process of adoption of children and responsible factors for those changes.In the past, especially before 1960 the black, physically disabled, handicapped, sick, overaged and dull children were un-adopted. The white Americans hated black children. Only white, healthy, younger and intelligent children were adopted easily. There was no freedom in sex and marriages and abortion was illegal. As a result, many biological parents handed their children to-orphanage or child care centers. The government had to afford nearly 2 billion dollar for the care of orphan children. It was a great burden for the government. The doctors and experts said that staying long period in orphanage encouraged them to be criminal. Children from orphanage faced crime.Now, there has been many changes in America. Various civil rights movements. Women's movement, the black people's movement, changing social values, social science research, legalized abortion, change in the view of sexual behavior, and freedom in sex and marriage minimized the number of orphans directly of indirectly. Now, unmarried mothers also look after their children themselves or they did abortion. It is not a stigma in the society. Legalized abortion helped to decrease the birth of unwanted babies. As a result, now White Americans adopt black, sick, over aged or any children. Out of 160 children, 115 have found their foster parents and the writer is hopeful that Tammy will also get a suitable foster parents.Tammy is a very beautiful girl of 5/2 but she suffers from Fatal Alcohol Syndrome which can put a stop to her intelligence anytime. A boy of 11 suffers from Down's syndrome, heart defect and hearing disability and another boy of 15 has poor school performance. The writer is hopeful that they all will find foster parents soon. The child care centres make a list of adoptable children and organize a program inviting foster parents national level. They interact and adopt. if not so again they organize programin the state level or simply they give advertisement in media.Thus, the essay describes about the mass growing of orphans in America and the changing trends in adoption and responsible factors for them.

Summary:-Ans:- The essay entitled, ''A Child Is Born'' has been written by one of the feminist writers, Germaine Greer. It is a piece of writing from her work, ''sex and Destiny''. She has tried to show the contrast between the traditional and modern societies in the matter of pregnancy, child birth, post natal period and child bearing or child rearing.In the traditional' eastern society the pregnant women are supported by their husbands, family members and by her whole society collectively. Pregnancy, child birth and child rearing are give much importance. The pregnancy and child birth are celebrate by singing, dancing and offering feast. Mostly a bride (pregnant women) is welcomed at her mother's home to give birth to her first child. The mother and the newly born baby get the best love and care by the whole family. Mothers don't have to do any work and children are brought up in a friendly environment. After birth of a child the mother is called as the mother of that child. Children are born according to the will and desire of the parents.In traditional societies, infant and mother mortality is higher. Nowadays modern hospitals have reduced the death rate. The women who fail to give birth to child aren't accepted as a family member. In Rajput society a son's primary duty is towards his family. The children are attached to grandparents mostly or uncle-aunts.On the other hand, in modern western societies the pregnant women visit hospital themselves. The pregnant women are worried because mostly there are single families and they aren't cared by family members except doctor and nurses. Pregnancy, child birth and child bearing aren't given importance. Due to frequent visit to doctors the death rate of mother or child is lower in modern societies. The women have always their own existence after marriage or after a child, The child is born by will and desire of the couple. The mothers are psychologically weak and ignored badly at hospital.She doesn't like the fearful feeling of women and their ignorance at hospitals. She doesn't like the mothers being imposed the medicines and the doctor's instructions. She finds child rearing is a burden in the western.Thus, only good things should be followed in both eastern societies and modern western societies.

Summary:-Ans:- The story '' The Tell Tale Heart '' has been written by an American short story writer, Edgar Allan Poe. It is horror, psychological, mysterious story. The central character 'I' is maid who kills an old man without any reason and confuses his crime after ward naturally.The narrator is the murderer in the story. He lives in a flat of an old man. He likes the old man but he hates his pale vulture eyes so he wants to kill the old man. According to him the old man has got vulture eyes and when he looks through the eyes, the narrator becomes cold and horrified. He is very much troubled and afraid of his vulture eyes. So, he wants to get rid of it by murdering the old man. He goes to kill him for seven nights but he is failure to kill him because his eyes are closed when he sleeps. He feels petty on him when he is sleeping.On the eight night, he opens the door carefully but his hand slips on the latch and makes a sound. The old man wakes up by the sound and sits on bed. Then, the narrator lets the ray of Lantern fall on old man's eyes. Seeing his eyes, he gets angry and jumps on him and kills him on the spot by pressing with bedding. Then, he cuts his arms, legs, head and buries the corpse under the floor. He forgets to remove the watch from the wrist. He cleans all the sings of blood and remove all the proofs.When the three police officers come to the house for the investigation, the narrator acts so politely and pleasantly to them. They can't find any proofs. They are convinced with the answer of the narrator. Suddenly the old man's heartbeat is audible to him. He tries to avoid it by speaking louder to them but actually it is a tick- tick sound of old man's watch. He thinks they are making fun of him so he confesses his crime that he has killed the old man.Thus, it deals with crime and confession. Broadly speaking it shows the weakness of human beings after making mistake. It also show that crime must pay one day.

Summary:-Ans:- The poetic play ''purgatory'' has been written by W.B Yeats. He wants to express his points that the rich prestigious people are destroying their own houses in Ireland. There are four character in this play. They are old man (father), the boy (son), and two ghost of old man's father and mother.This is the true story of Ireland. There are four characters in this play. They are the old man (father), the boy (son) and 2 ghosts of the old man's father and mother. The old man was trying to make his son understand the reputation of the honored house in front of the ruined house. The boy was carrying a load of money to spend on drinks, horse and prostitutes. The old man was showing the ruined house and telling stories about the family.The old man's father was a groom (caretaker of horse) at an aristocratic family. The only daughter of the family fell in love with him and he married her. After her father's death, he became the owner of all her property. He exploited his wife a lot. She died at the birth of the child ( here old man). The child was taught few things by servant. The old man's father didn't let him go to school. The child (old man) had a petttyful childhood. When the child (old man) became 16 years old, he murdered his own father who destroyed the reputation of parliament, loved that house for shelter. Great men were born, grew up and died there.Now, the old man is alone and he is haunted by the hoof- beats of his father's horse and remorseful spirit of his mother. After listening to the story of his grandfather, the boy asked for his share of property to spend on what he wanted. The old man thought that the boy couldn't see them and said that his father became mad. The old man got angry and killed his own son immediately to end the chain of polluting the great house. He prayed the god to releases his mother's soul from purgatory.Thus, this is the true story of Ireland that people were destroying the reputation of their houses on evil deeds.

Summary:-Ans:- The story ''Hansel and Gretel'' has been written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. It is a story of a brother and a sister under the care of father and step mother. This story shows poverty and hardship make people do evil deeds.The story starts from a village where there is famine once. The step mother convinces her husband to leave the children in the dense forest. He doesn't like to do so, but he is compelled to do so by her continuous insistence. The children listen to the plan of the parent. Hansel, the brother comforts his sister, Gretel that nothing will happen. He goes outside and brings some shinning pebbles and puts them into his pocket. Early morning their parents set out to the forest with them under the pretence of cutting wood. Hansel drops the shinning pebbles on the way so that he could follow them while coming back to home. He says he is greeting good-bye to the cat. In the forest, the parents tell the children to wait for them until they come. The children wait and wait for a long time but they don't come. The children follow the dropped shinning pebbles and they return home successfully.The father becomes happy to see them where as mother is amazed. After some year again there is famine in the village. She again makes a plan to leave the children into dense forest from where they mayn't come back. This time she doesn't let Hansel go outside to take pebbles. When they set out for forest, she gives them bread for lunch. This time Hansel drops the piece of bread on the way for the clue to come back. Again the parents make a fire and tell them to wait until they come

Summary:-Ans:- The story ''The Gingerbread House'' has been written by Robert Coover. It consists of forty two numbered paragraphs that present parts of a story of Grimm brother's ''Hansel and Gretel'' . Coover has described the scenes in details and he doesn't follow the chronological order of Grimm brother's story. It shows how the two children are maltreated or ill-treated by the parents and how they struggled in the dense forest.The old man had worn ragged clothes, cracked shoes and the two children were bare foot. The old man looked hungry and tired and the children were in simple dress. The children had listened to the plan of leaving them in the dense forest next morning so the boy was dropping a piece of bread on the way so that at night they would reach home following the same dropped bread. The girl was carrying a basket of flower and they were singing song of God. The old man was tempting them to go into dense forest but was feeling pity on them too. They spent 3 days and night in the forest but still then the old man was with them. The old man was trying to save them from the possible danger. He left them when they didn't obey him. There came a dove flying. An old woman with black dress, long nails, pointed nose and angry burning eyes tore the dove and took out its heart. It was red. She used to kill innocent children, birds in the forest. The children were attracted towards gingerbread house which was made of sugar, cakes, ginger and so on. The boy climbed on the roof of the house and ate their heart contempt. At the same time, the witch came and frightened them. The girl and the boy ran away from there to save themselves.Thus, we find description of the boy and the girl as if they are growing adult. Their activities, their thinking were somehow related to sexuality. At different situation some kissing, hugging and screaming are there and they are natural when a boy and a girl are alone. So, Coover had made it interesting by presenting such interesting description than Grimm brothers ''Hansel and Gretel''.

Summary:-Ans:- T he story entitled ''Gretel'' is a pardoy written by a famous comic writer Garrison Keillor. It is the statement given by Gretel herself about her brother, Hansel, her father, her step-mother and the witch.Gretel points out that after facing many obstacles in the forest Hansel and Gretel come to their home taking lots of property. They become happy and wealthy. They want to publish a book to share their experience and to earn money. They make a contract to divide the profit of share fifty-fifty, but next day Gretel finds herself cheated by her brother and father. She finds she has been presented as a weak and timid character with few roles whereas Hansel has brave, strong and talented role. In fact, Hansel was very weak and Gretel frees him from the clutch of witch. Otherwise, he would be killed. In the new contract everything is in favour of males. She is surprised to see her father has been presented very kind-hearted but in reality he is a great drunkard, irresponsible and cruel. He loves watching bull-fighting and killing.Gretel says it was natural that parents left their children in the forest at that time of famine. The children lived their life by the help of animals, hermits, shepherds etc. she feels sorry for killing the witch, and the witch wasn't going to kill her. She also says her step-mother was right at her place. She couldn't do anything in front of her drunkard husband.She complains that now Hansel and her father are rich and live in luxurious palace whereas Gretel is still poor and takes shelter in small room. She is dominated as all women have been.Thus, Gretel blame the male characters her brother, her father exploited her and her mother. Now, she is a strong feminist who raises her voice against her brother and her father and the whole male dominated society.Gretel is courageous, strong-minded, clever and brave girl. She believes women should have equal right and she encourages all the women to go against male's superiority.

Summary:-Ans:- The Little Brother and the little Sister'' is the first English translation of a copy of Grimm brothers' original story, ''Hansel and Gretel''. Again Jacob wrote the same story with details naming the characters, the little brother and the little sister.A poor woodcutter lived near a forest with his wife and two children. The family was very poor and did not have enough to eat. One night the children heard their parents planning to leave them in the forest. The Woodcutter did not like the idea but he had to do so by wife's continuous insistence.When they went into the forest the next day, the little brother dropped shinny pebbles on the path so that they could follow the same path. The children were left in the forest by them. However, when it was night, the moon made the pebbles shine brightly. The little brother and the little sister followed the trail of pebbles back to their home. After some years there was again famine. The woodcutter and his wife didn't let the little brother bring any shinning pebbles so he dropped small piece of the bread on the path to return back to home. When it was night, they tried to follow the pieces of bread but they were eaten by birds so they could not find their way to home. They were lost in the forest for 3 days. They became very hungry. They were attracted by a bird, after following the bird they reached the magic house made of bread cake, chocolates and sugar.

Summary :-Ans:- The story ''The Boarding House'' has been written by an Irish Write James Joyce. It is a story of adolescence. He has presented his growing experience in the life and event of lower class people in Dublin city, Ireland.There are mainly six characters in this story. They are Mrs. Mooney, Mr. Moony (her husband), Jack (her son), Polly (her daughter), Doran (a resident lodger and lover of polly) and Mary (servants). Mrs. Mooney was the daughter of a butcher. She married her father's foreman according to his desire. She also ran the butcher's shop successfully after her father's death. Her husband started drinking wine, playing gamble and so on. She fell into heavy debts because of him. He was shabby drunkard. One night he tried to kill her with a knife when she refused to give him money.After this event, she got divorced and started living separately with her children. She ran a boarding house where many gentlemen came to have or stayed as lodger. She was respected and she was called the madam by the youths in her locality. She was very brave and cunning woman. Her son jack was a clerk in Commission Agent's office. He was very vulgar. He used to get angry quickly.Polly, Mrs. Mooney's daughter was very beautiful girl of 19. She had slim body, long hair and grey eyes. She was very weak at study. She was learning typing in a corn factory office. She used to flirt with the young men and young men used to enjoy at her presence at boarding house. Her mother knew that very well. After her father's frequent visit for money, she left the job and helped her mother in the boarding house.n course of helping lodgers, she developed a close relationship with Mr. Doran. He was a clerk in great catholic wine merchant's office. Polly visited his room even at night and they had been in physical relationship many times. Mrs. Mooney let her go because she knew Doran was a good and rich man. She was waiting for the right time to compel them for marriage. When she knew that Polly was pregnant in the love with Doran. She took a solid action to save the prestige and life of Polly so cunningly.She sent Mary to call Mr. Doran. Polly went to Doran's room and wept bitterly in his arms. She requested him to marry her. Doran had only two options: either to marry Polly or to run away from there. After sometime Marry reached there and called Doran to meet Mrs Mooney. While coming he saw Jack and remembered jack's wild behavior. In the beginning Doran butcher. Mrs. Mooney blamed Mr. Doran for destroying Poll's life. She also threatened to share this to his Boss. She convinced him that Polly loved him truly. She reminded him the beautiful moment spent with Polly. At last, he wished to marry Polly.

# Question and Answer:-

 

a. When does love become hindrance and a source of dissatisfaction?

Ans:- There is not a general definition of love. It's a great mystery. No definition is widely accepted. The earthly people have been against the love for ages. Tradition, culture, personality, morality, advantage- disadvantage comes in the way of true love. The religion of love differs case to case so sometimes a rule fits in a case, sometimes it doesn't. So the lovers can't choose right or wrong. When love is criticized badly or when lovers think of profit and loss, when lovers are failure in love, love becomes hindrance and a source of irritation and dissatisfaction.

 

b. What was the cause of Anna's sickness? what was the result of it?

Ans:- Anna is the wife of Luganovich with having a child of six months Suddenly Luganovich invited Alyohin at his home and there Alyohin met Anna and they both fell in love deeply. They both used to go to cinema, park and market together. So everyone in the town used to backbites about their love affair instead of a successful marriage. This rumor gave her pain on her character, morality and personality so she became moody and suffered from psychological depression.As a result, she didn't care of her husband, children or even of herself. She stayed with her sister but even she wasn't happy. She felt her life unpleasant and unsatisfied so she was suggested to go to Crimea for mental treatment.

 

c. Why did they try to connect their loves though it had become deep between them?

Ans:- Anna had a happy married life with a child of six months. She had no complain against her husband or family. But even Anna and Alyohin loved each other. They tried to conceal their love though it had become deep between them because they thought of society, Morality and their fresh personality. Alyohin was afraid of breaking their gentle friendship. Anna was afraid that she wasn't young, energetic and picous enough to begin a new married life instead of having a successful marriage. Alyohin thought he couldn't keep Anna happy in countryside without any good job. Anna thought of her husband, children and mother who were happy with Luganovich.

d. How did Alyohin define love?

Ans:-The writer lets Alyohin describe three different love stories very cunningly. Alyohin presents the first love story between the two servants, Nikanor and pelageya. They express their love openly, They are so different from each other even though there is intimate love between them. Alyohin defines love can be possible with unmatchable persons. He presents his first love at university. A girl loves him for romance. It's short term love. Alyohin presents his true and passionate love with a married woman Anna with two children. They both love each other so deeply but don't express thinking about their morality. Here love is a great mystery. Neither he can express nor can he conceal. So, at last he defines love is great mystery and it crosses all boundaries. Love doesn't have anything to do with caste, class, religion, marital status, age etc.

a. Why were some people of sinja in karnali processing silajit on the way instead of their home?

Ans:- Some people of sinja in karnali were processing silajit on the way instead of their home because there was bad star after some time. So they avoided bad star making a hurried trip. They were very much superstitious. They did their any trip on a propitious day but not when there was a bad star. If they had processed silajit in their home, they would have faced any bad star, they didn't want to be under the influence of any bad star.

b. What is silajit?

Ans:- Silajit is a tarlike substance that oozes from the rocks of sinja. It is used for pharmaceutical use in india and other countries. It is taken with boiled milk to clean the stomach and make people strong and healthy.

 

c. What do the two American geographers try to

show in this essay ''Hurried Trip to avoid a bad star''?

Ans:- The two American geographers try to show the economical and geographical condition of karnali people. They make an adventure on foot from karnali to Terai known as Nepalgunj. They find that most of karnali people are poor, farmers, traditional, conservation, uneducated, ignorant and superstitious. They depend on farming as well as on small trade. They can't support their life by only farming and small business. They carry herb, hashish, sweaters, blankets, silajit to sell in Nepalgunj and they buy clothes, spices, ironware jewelers in Neplagunj. They are so superstitious for their small business that they make hurried trip to avoid a bad star.

 

d. How is karnali linked economically with the lowland regions of the south?

Ans:- The people of karnali totally depend on the lowland regions of the southern Nepal. They survive on farming and small businesses. Nepalgunj of Terai is developed than karnali so karnali people bring herbs, hashish, sweaters, blanket, silajit, to sell in Neplagunj and they buy ironware, clothes, spices, jewelers etc for their private use or to sell them in karnali in high prices. So, they combine farming and small business for their livelihood. They don't want to depend on only farming or small businesses. They work so hard like protters for their survival.

a. Is death meaningful in this poem?

his body has been rottenHe says death opens the gate of immortality. So, death is visible and meaningful.Ans:- Death is meaningful in this poem. The spirit Ariel has presented death in a wonderful way. He says Ferdinand's father's every parts has been changed into something beautiful, valuable and strange. His bones have been changed into corals, eyes into pearl. He says no part of

b. Who sing ''Full fathom ............ lies'' and to whom he sings?

Ans:- The speaker is Spirit Ariel, a comic character in Shakespeare's play '' The Tempest '' Act1, scene 2 as in ''Full Fathom Five Thy Father Lies Spirit Ariel sings this song to Ferdinand, the prince of Naples, who mistakenly thinks that his father is drowned into the depth of sea. He sings this song to give him sympathy. His song is about the immortality.

c. What is the relation between life and art?

Ans:-Life is mortal but art is immortal. People die and their life is lifeless but the art made by them remain immortal. There are several paintings, songs, movie, work, project made by many people. They died but their art is still alive, fresh and they remind of them. So, there is inseparable relation between life and art.

1. What is the central idea of the poem?

Ans:- The central idea of this poem is that the so- called lovers of the nature and wild animals seem to be responsible at first but act reasonably at last. They kill any animals at night or day and show love and pity on them. But act according to them. In the poem the poet finds a dead doe that is pregnant. The fawn is waiting inside to be born. Emotionally he wants to solve it but later he pushes the doe into the river. He thinks it might cause other accidents or environment pollution.

2. Do you agree with the narrator did?

Ans:- First it fells hesitated to answer it as it's bitter to speak the truth. The narrator sees a dead deer, he comes out of the car, drags it and finds she is a doe and she is pregnant. He can do two things: either to save the fawn or clean the environment by pushing it into river. He can't take it to nearby hospital and spend that much time, it may not survive. As a man he made a rational decision as he stopped other accident to take place there. Thus, I do agree what he did.

3. What is the tone of the poem; ironical, sympathetic, indifferent?

Ans:-The tone isn't indifferent because the narrator has feeling. The tone is little sympathetic as well shows sympathy on the living fawn which is never to- be- born, finally he pushes the dead doe into the river to stop another accident is ironical. It means the so- called nature lovers pretend that they care the nature, animals but they take rational decision and show their original skin.

a. How are the uncle and aunt?

Ans:- The boy {the narrator} lives together with his uncle and aunt. He describes his uncle as a fat, tall, lazy, noisy and red-hairy. His aunt is thin, small, quick, quiet and silky haired. His uncle sometimes drinks much wine with his friends. His aunt prevents him from going to picnic or drinking wine. His uncle sit like a buffalo in the small shop. His aunt runs like a cat so fast. He finds them just opposite to each other so he doesn't call her aunt but the wife of uncle.

b. The plan was to go to portcawl for the outing. Did they ever reach there?

Ans:- The narrator's uncle and his friends often went out for outing. They mostly went there so that they could drink wildly. Again they made a plan to go to portcawl for outing. They collected money, hired a small bus, and bought 2 cases of beer for the outing. They spent 45 minuts in the pub by drinking and merrymaking. They ordered the boy to guard the coat. After that they started for portcawl, but they saw a cool river and enjoyed swimming there. They felt cold and again they wanted to drink more. They said that the river was better than portcawl. They forgot their destination because of excessive drinking.

c. Describe the landlord of the Mountain Sheep. How did he welcome the members of the outing?

Ans:- The owner of the pub Mountain Sheep appeared at the gate like a wolf. He was very cunning, selfish and money minded. He welcomed them for his benefits. He welcomed them as if he trapped them.

d. What was the boy asked to do when his uncle and his friends entered the mountain Sheep?

Ans:-When his uncle and his friends entered the pub Mountain Sheep, the boy was asked to guard their coat. He looked after their thing so that no one would steal anything. He didn't eat anything. He was looking at cows and buffaloes outside.

a. Why did the people hate the boy?

Ans:- The boy used to sleep in the day and wake up the whole night. He wasn't obedient to them neither to his mom. One day his mother went to buy the rocking chair in the town. She came back and when she sat on the chair remembering her husband she died. More four women who sat on it also died on the spot. So people blamed his mother had brought an evil chair in the village. On the other hand, he used to show them the ghosts ship which wasn't seen to them. He was living on the charity from the villagers. So they hated him.

b. What does the refrain of the boy'' Now they' re going to see who l am'' mean?

Ans:- The refrain of the boy ''Now they are going to see who l am'' means the boy wasn't guilty and wrong. Whatever he had told about the ghost ship was going to be proved. He had told that it was twenty times taller than the steeple of the church and ninety seven times longer than the village. He was hated and beaten by them because of his saying but the time came to shut their mouth showing the proof in front of their eyes directly.

c. Why did the boy have to prove who he was?

Ans:- The boy had strange habit of sleeping in the day and waking up at night. He told that he saw a large ship but it wasn't seen to others. His mother brought a chair from city she as well as more four women from the village died who sat on it. People hated him and his mother. He saw them the whale which wasn't seen to them. To make the people believe what he said was right he had to prove as nobody noticed him right as he was an ordinary child.

a. What is the central idea of this poem?

Ans:- The poet says that there is God's glory and greatness everywhere in the world. We people have forgotten God's greatness. We have become materialistic in the commercialization. We destroy the nature for our short benefits but it never disappears. We don't realized the power of omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient God. God renews everything as the spring brings changes every year. He protects the nature as the bird broods her baby birds. He also speak against people's materialistic attitude towards God or nature.

b. What do the words ''seared'' ''bleared'' , and '' smeared' suggest?

Ans:- The three words ''seared'' , ''bleared'' , and ''smeared'' are the example of assonance. ''Seared'' means ''dried up'', ''bleared'' means ''blurred'' and ''smeared'' means ''rubbed over with dirt'' . They suggest people aren't aware of their future. They have made the world ugly for the commercialization.

c. What is the effect of the repetition of the words 'have trod' ?

Ans:- The word 'have trod' means 'have walked on same path. The repetition of the word suggests from generation people walk on the path of materialism and ignore the glory of god. The effect of the repetition of the word is to come in sense to realize the glory of god anyhow.

d. When does the God show its greatness, according to the poet?

Ans:-According to the poet, God created the beautiful word. Men were supposed to develop it and make it more beautiful. Men have been ignoring the miraculous quality of life. They have been involved in only profit earning activities. Men are destroying the beauty and sensitivity of nature. God is so kind that he forgives human beings despite their misdeeds. He shows his power by renewing everything fresh for human beings.

 

a. What is the dream of king Martin Luther King or, what is he complaining about?

Ans:- King Martin Luther is a black American Leader He give this speech to evoke the sleeping power of Black people for the movement to bring racial harmony, peace, liberty, justice. The constitution of American had promised to free the Negro from the chain of slavery but it hadn't been completed yet. So this speech is a movement to bring peace, equality in America without any violence and live together with the feeling of brother hood. They are physically powerful but they will observe the movement peacefully being non-violent until they get their destination.

b. What is the apparent purpose of Martin Luther kings speech?

Ans:- The Black people have been exploited in America. The Constitution has free them legally but even in practice the blacks were treated badly. There is no equality, freedom, and feeling of brotherhood. So, the purpose of his speech is to avoid the racial discrimination, inequality and injustice and to make the blacks and the whites equal citizen of America.

c. What does the sad picture of the society as exposed by martin Luther King refer to?

Ans:- The Black people were declared free some 100 years ago, but they are still in the chain of slavery, segregation and discrimination. The Blacks can't enjoy freedom as promised in the constitution of America. The sad picture of the society as exposed by Martin Luther King refers to the discrimination, injustice and tyranny of the Whites to the Blacks.

 

a. What was Lydia E. pinkham's cleverest marketing technique?

Ans:- Lydia Pinkham technique, she used to give practical suggestions about exercise, good health, diet and others. On the other hand she used to encourage the female to meet female doctors. She was combining her business with social service. She used to give advertisement in magazines and papers with shinning face of her. Her suggestions giving on various things were her cleverest marketing technique.

 

b. What was the main idea of this essay?

Ans:- In the past women were so backward. They were in lower posts or slavers but a drastic change took place in American. Women also started doing business of varieties of things for the sake of women. Very soon their products were sold. They attracted all the women customers. They sold products as well as took parts in social service and gave suggestion on behalf of the women. At first Lydia Pinkham after that Helena, Elizabeth, Jennie, Margaret and others became successful. They earned name and fame and took historical place in America.

c. What three things, apart from her product, were promoted in Lydia Pinkham's advertising?

Ans:- Lydia E Pinkham used some noble strategies to grow her business. Apart from her product, Lydia Pinkham promoted other three things too. She suggested women to meet women doctors and ignore male doctors she claimed her products as the greatest remedy in the world but it was unproven home remedy . She encouraged women to use women's rights. She gave advice on diet, exercise and hygiene to promote her business.

d. How did the women start and flourish their business in America?

Ans:- Previously only males used to work, the second sex females didn't use to work. Some women began to do some business to make them equal to males, to earn money, to do some social service. At first, Lydia Pinkham advertised her home product medicines to cure infertility, falling of womb, nervousness and other female weaknesses. Later on, Helen, Elizabeth, Jennie, Margaret also did something different and they flourished their business in America.

a. What do you mean by fetal alcohol syndrome?

Ans:- Fetal alcohol syndrome is an illness which is caused by excessive drinking of wine from the pregnant mother to the children. It can stop their intelligence growth any time. Children with this disease have slow level of intelligence. Those children may develop many kinds of abnormalities.

b. Why was there a fall in the number of healthy white children available for adopting?

Ans:- There was a fall in the number of healthy white children available for adopting because of many movements taken place in America. Birth control, legalized abortion, changing social values, freedom in sex and marriage are some reasons which reduced the unwanted children. Unmarried women also started keeping their children with them without any social insult. No couple gave any child to orphanage so there was lack of adoptable white children.

c. How do the adoption agencies find the potential parents?

Ans:- There were many adoptable children in America in the twentieth century. The adoptable children were waiting to be adopted by suitable parents. The black, unhealthy, disabled children were not adopted easily. The child care organizations make a list of adoptable children and organize a program for foster parents if not so they organized program in the state level or simply they give advertisement in media. They handed disabled children to them who were needed any kind of baby or who knew all children are not alike.

d. How were the handicapped, black and week children viewed in the past?

Ans:- Before 1960 in America there were many unwanted babies were born. Many adoptable babies were left in the child care centers by the parents. The unhealthy, overaged, sick, and handicapped black children were ignored. The White couple hated adopting black children. They had many options to choose. Unhealthy, handicapped children were considered as damaged goods.

a. What are the practices of child-rearing seen in traditional societies?

Ans:- In the traditional eastern society the pregnant women are supported by their husbands, family members and by her whole society collectively. Pregnancy, child birth and child rearing are given much importance. The pregnancy and child birth are celebrated by singing, dancing and offering feast. Mostly a bride (pregnant women) is welcomed at her mother's home to give birth to her first child. The mother and the newly born baby get the best love and care by the whole family. Mothers don't have to do any work and children are brought up in a friendly environment. After birth of a child the mother is called as the mother of that child.

b. What kind of treatment does a women in Bangladesh receive during her pregnancy and after the child birth?

Ans:-In Bangladesh the pregnant women are supported by their husbands, family members and by her whole society collectively. Pregnancy, child birth and child rearing are given much importance. The pregnancy and child birth are celebrated by singing, dancing and offering feast. Mostly a bride (pregnant women) is welcomed at her mother's home to give birth to her first child. The mother and the newly born baby get new clothes, good food and care by the whole family. Mothers don't have to do any work and children are brought up in a friendly environment.

a. Why did the story teller decide to kill the old man?

Ans:- The old man was the owner of the house in which the story - teller lived. The old man was innocent and lovely to him. According to him the old man had got vulture eyes which made his blood cold. So, he decided to kill the old man to get rid of that problem.

b. What made the narrator confess the crime?

Ans:-The narrator of the story suffered from nervousness and over sensitive of hearing. He was greatly trouble by old man's eyes. So he killed the old man and cut off his body into pieces. He removed all the proofs from the spot but he forgot to remove the watch of the old man. When the police men came for the investigation, he answered them normally. They were convinced with his answer but the tick- tick sound of the watch was heard to the narrator as the heart - beat of the old man. So before the dead old man would say anything, he confessed his crime to the police men.

a. Why did the old man kill his son?

Ans:- He killed his son to put an end on the cycle of crime. When his mother married to his father, he became drunkard and immoral as a result, he finished all the property. So, the old man killed his father at first. After the death of his mother her soul was suffering in purgatory to be purified. The old man stabbed his son to end the cycle of killing in the family and to release his mother's soul from purgatory. The old man's son was also following his grandfather's habit of drinking and defaming the honour of the house.

b. Do you think believe in life after death?

Ans:- Yes, I think Yeasts believe in life after death. He says the soul is purified after death. The soul of old man's mother is sad after death because of destruction of honoured house. Her soul suffers in pain. After purification, she can take another birth. So, he believes life after death.

c. Discuss the kind of relation between father and son in the play. ''Purgatory''

Ans:-The father is a good person but his father was very bad. Now, the father's son is similar to his grandfather. The son also wants to destroy the reputation of the house. So, the father kill his own son to put an end to pollute the chain of defaming the great house. So the relation between father and son in this play is not lovely.

a. How did Hansel and Gretel free themselves from the witch?

Ans:- When Hansel and Gretel lost in the dense forest, the witch cured them with good food and bedding. She kept Hansel in the cage and offered good food so that he could be fatter very soon. She kept Gretel as a servants. One day, she decided to kill them so she set a big fire in the oven. She ordered Gretel to enter into the oven to know how heat it was. As Gretel was very clever, she asked the witch to show her how to enter into the oven because she had never entered before. When she showed, Gretel pushed her in the fire and closed the iron door of the oven. She was burnt to ashes. In this way Gretel freed her brother and herself.

b. What did the son, Hansel do in the first night after hearing his step mother's plan to leave them in the forest?

Ans:- During the time of famine, the step mother made a plan to leave the children in the dense forest so that they would die. Hansel heard that plan and when the parents fell asleep, he put some shining bright pebbles into his pocket so that next day he would drop them on the road to find the way back to home again.

c. How do you know that the father and the children were poor?

Ans:-As mentioned in the text, the woodcutter was very poor because he couldn't afford the expenses of only two children. On the other hand the old man was in torn, ragged and old clothes with cracked shoes whereas the children were bare foot. They wanted to kill their own children by leaving them in forest.

a. How did Mrs. Mooney live without her husband?

Ans:- Mrs. Mooney was a brave, intelligent, wise, sensitive, strong and self dependant woman. She married her father's foreman according to her father's will and desire. After her father's death, her husband spent all her money. When he wanted to kill her for money one night, she left him and lived separately. She started running a boarding house where many tourists, artists, officers used to come and pay for the service. She earned money from there and she nurtured her children very nicely. She lived happily with Jack (her son) Polly (her daughter) without her husband. She didn't feel lack of her husband because he didn't share anything but gave troubles only.

b. Briefly sketch the character of Mrs. Mooney.

Ans:-Mrs. Mooney lived separately with her children after divorce with husband. He was drunkard and made her in heavy debts. She started boarding house and nurtured her children. When Mr. Doran came in touch with Polly, they made special relationship. She knew everything but she was waiting for the time to intervene. When she knew her daughter's prestige was in danger, she set a meeting with Mr. Doran and requested him to marry Polly. Later, she threatened him that she would complain to his boss if he didn't accept Polly as his wife. Doran accepted Polly his wife. In this way, she settled their relation with each other. Mrs. Mooney was the woman who saved her family's prestige every time being very sensible, wise, frank and strong.